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SENDER
Less technical expression than “agent,” used to denote the
person or subject designated as the “transmitter” of telepathic
information. Compare Receiver.

SENSITIVE
A person who frequently experiences extrasensory perception and
who can sometimes induce it at will. Compare Medium.

SHAMAN
A tribal medium, witch-doctor, or priest accredited with
supernatural powers as originally exemplified by Siberian tribes. [From
the German Schamane, derived from the Russian shaman, derived
from Tungusic samân]

SHEEP
Term originally used by Gertrude Schmeidler 1943) to describe a subject
who does not reject the possibility that extrasensory perception
could occur under the conditions of the given experimental situation;
this somewhat narrow meaning has been extended to refer also,
tentatively, to persons who believe that ESP exists as a genuine
phenomenon, or even to persons who obtain high scores on various
so-called “projective,” “scalar,” or “checklist” measures of
belief in (and/or experience of) different sorts of putative psi
phenomena. Compare Goat. See also Sheep-Goat Effect.

SUPER-SHEEP (OR WHITE SHEEP)
Term introduced by John Beloff and David Bate (1970) to describe a
subject who is sure that their score on a test of extrasensory
perception will be high, by virtue of their own psychic
ability.
SHEEP-GOAT EFFECT (SGE)
Term first used by Gertrude Schmeidler to describe the relationship
between acceptance of the possibility of extrasensory perception
occurring under the given experimental conditions, and the level of
scoring actually achieved on that ESP test: subjects who do not reject
the possibility (“sheep”) tend to score above chance, those
rejecting the possibility (“goats”) at or below chance; the terms
“sheep” and “goat” are nowadays often used in a more extended
sense, and “sheep-goat effect” may thus refer to any significant
scoring difference between these two groups as defined by the
experimenter.

SPONTANEOUS CASE
A discrete incident of ostensible spontaneous psi.

SUBLIMINAL
Term coined by Frederic Myers to refer to events occurring beneath the
“threshold” of conscious awareness. [From the Latin sub,
“below, under,” + limen (liminus), “threshold”]

SURVIVAL
Continued existence of the consciousness of the individual person in
some form and for at least some time after the destruction of their
physical body; life-after-death; not to be considered synonymous with
“immortality,” which implies unending existence. See also Reincarnation;
Spirit Hypothesis.

SYNCHRONICITY
Term coined by Carl Jung (with Wolfgang Pauli, 1955) to refer to the
occurrence of acausal but meaningful coincidences. [From the
Greek synchronos, derived from synchronizein, “to be
contemporary with,” derived from syn-, “with,” + chronos,
“time”]

TELEPATHY
Term coined by Frederic Myers to refer to the paranormal
acquisition of information concerning the thoughts, feelings or activity
of another conscious being; the word has superseded earlier expressions
such as “thought-transference.” See also General Extrasensory
Perception. [From the Greek ele, “far away,” + pathein,
“to have suffered, been affected by something”]

LATENT TELEPATHY
An instance of telepathy in which there seems to be a time lag
between the agent’s attempt to transmit the target,
and the percipient’s awareness of that target.

PRECOGNITIVE TELEPATHY
The paranormal acquisition of information concerning the future
mental state of another conscious being.
THOUGHTOGRAPHY
See Photography, Paranormal.

THOUGHT-TRANSFERENCE
See Telepathy.

TRANCE
A state of dissociation in which the individual is oblivious to
their situation and surroundings, and in which various forms of automatism
may be expressed; usually exhibited under hypnotic, mediumistic
or shamanistic conditions. [From the Old French transe,
“passage,” ultimately derived from the Latin transire,
“to go across”]

TRANCE PERSONALITY
See Communicator; Control.

TRANSLIMINALITY
Term introduced by Michael A. Thalbourne (1991a), meaning literally
“the tendency to cross the threshold into awareness.” Persons
exhibiting a high degree of transliminality are more likely to believe
in, and claim experience of, paranormal phenomena, as well as to
report more magical ideation, a more creative personality, more mystical
experience, greater religiosity and more fantasy-proneness,
as well as a history of experience resembling clinical depression and
mania. Therefore, transliminality is defined as “susceptibility to,
and awareness of, large volumes of imagery, ideation and emotion —
these phenomena being stimulated by subliminal, supraliminal and/or
external inputs.” [From the Latin trans, “across,
beyond,” + limen (liminis), “threshold”]

VERIDICAL
Truthful; corresponding to, or conveying fact. [From the Latin veridicus,
derived from verum, “truth” + dicere, “to
say”]

ZENER CARDS
The original name given to the ESP cards; named after the
perceptual psychologist Karl Zener, a colleague of Rhine’s, who
apparently suggested the symbols to be used on the cards (circle, cross,
square, star, and wavy lines).
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